Colfax was natural around New York City. Around 1836 he moved with his parents to New Carlisle, Indiana. He was appointive deputy auditor of St. Joseph County, Indiana in 1841. He became the legislative correspondent for the Indiana State Journal. He purchased an interest in the South Bend Free Press & changed its title around 1845 to the St. Joseph Valley Register, a Whig organ of northern Indiana.

Colfax was the member of the state constitutional convention around 1850 and an unsuccessful Whig candidate for election to the Thirty-2nd Congress. He was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-fourth & to the sestet succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1855-March 4, 1869). He was elective Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1863. He was non the candidate for renomination within 1868, having get a Republican candidate for Vice President.

Within 1868 he was elected Vice President of the United States on the Republican ticket headed by Gen. Ulysses S. Grant. He was inaugurated March 4, 1869 and served until March 4, 1873. Colfax was an stillborn candidate for renomination around 1872, owing to charges of corruption in connection sustaining a Crédit Mobilier of America scandal.

He was the lecturer when allowing public professional, & died within Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minnesota. He is interred in the City Necropolis, South Bend, Indiana.

A town of Colfax, California, is named within his honor. A "Jewel of the Midwest," Schuyler, Nebraska, is also known as when Colfax. A city is the county courthouse of Colfax County, Nebraska. Colfax County, New Mexico is named inside fallowing a Speaker likewise. Additionally, a "main street" traversing Aurora, Denver, and Lakewood, Colorado and abutting the Colorado State Capitol is named "Colfax Avenue" in the politician's honor.

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